Vermillion is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Charles W. Vermillion, a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from 1923 to 1927
Iris Vermillion (born 1960), German operatic mezzo-soprano
Laurel Vermillion, American educator and academic administrator
Sydney Vermillion (born 1988), American–Armenian footballer
Texas Jack Vermillion (1842–1911), American Old West gunfighter
Joseph Vermillion, American lynched in 1889