Robert II (1248 – 21 March 1306) was Duke of Burgundy between 1272 and 1306 as well as titular king of Thessalonica.
Robert was the third son of Hugh IV of Burgundy, and Yolande of Dreux.
He married Agnes, the youngest daughter of Louis IX of France, in 1279. They had the following children:
Hugh V of Burgundy (1294–1315)
Blanche (1288–1348), married to Count Edward of Savoy
Margaret (1290–1315), married to King Louis X of France
Joan (1293–1348), married to King Philip VI of France
Odo IV of Burgundy (1295–1349/1350)
Louis, prince of Achaea (1297–1316), married Matilda of Hainaut
Mary (1298–1336) married Count Edward I of Bar
Robert (1302–1334), married to Countess Joan I of Tonnerre
In 1284, Robert was invested with the duchy of Dauphiné by Rudolf I of Germany. This was followed by two years of warfare which ended when Philip IV of France paid Robert 20,000 livres tournois to renounce his claim to the Dauphiné. He was among the French negotiators for the 1303 Treaty of Paris that ended the 1294–1303 Gascon War.
Robert ended the practice of giving away parts of the Burgundian estate to younger sons and as dowries to daughters. From then on, the entire duchy (albeit diminished by earlier dowries) passed via primogeniture unfragmented to the duke's eldest son.