Overview
Ponos or Ponus (Ancient Greek: Πόνος Pónos) is the personification of hardship or toil.
Family
Hesiod
According to Hesiod's Theogony (226–232), "painful" Ponos was the child of Eris (Strife), with no father, and the brother of many other personifications:
Cicero
According to Cicero, Ponos's was called the son of the primordial gods, Nyx (Night) and Erebus (Darkness) and brother to other personifications:
Their [Aether and Hemera's] brothers and sisters, whom the ancient genealogists name Amor/ Eros (Love), Dolus (Guile), Metus/ Deimos (Fear), Labor/ Ponus (Toil), Invidentia/ Nemesis (Envy), Fatum/ Moros (Fate), Senectus/ Geras (Old Age), Mors/ Thanatos (Death), Tenebrae/ Keres (Darkness), Miseria/ Oizys (Misery), Querella/ Momus (Complaint), Gratia/ Philotes (Favour), Fraus/ Apate (Fraud), Pertinacia (Obstinacy), the Parcae/ Moirai (Fates), the Hesperides, the Somnia/ Oneiroi (Dreams): all of these are fabled to be the children of Erebus (Darkness) and Nox/ Nyx (Night).
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