Maurice II de Craon (c. 1132–1196) was Lord of Craon, Governor of Anjou and Maine under Henry II, a military figure and Anglo-Norman of the 12th century. Maurice II also possessed fiefs in England which he held courtesy of Henry II.
Contents
Biography
The Lord of Craon
Maurice II, took possession of the seigneury of Craon on the death of his brother Guérin, when Henry II Plantagenet, born in Le Mans in 1133, became Count of Anjou in 1151. Maurice was still a minor at the time, but in 1158, he took part in the siege of the town of Thouars, and then took a number of deeds in favour of the Abbey of La Roë. Maurice Il's taking possession of the seigneury of Craon came after a long period of minority which had lasted two decades due to the premature death of his father and the death of his heirs. This situation, common at the time is a factor to be taken into account when analysing their stance.positions. Indeed, the long period of minority does not allow us to the family's attitude at a time when the lords of Anjou were lords of Anjou were relatively agitated.
Knighthood
Maurice II, son of Hugues I de Craon and of Marquise, his second wife, succeeded his brother around 1150. Still a minor, he received his knighthood on acceptance of the fief. Maurice II's earliest military action was his participation in the siege staged by Henry II of the city of Thouars, which was taken 10 October 1158.
Crusade
A few years later, Maurice II left for the Crusade. This act, known from the reference in charter 231 of La Roë Abbey of the first court held by him at Poiltrée at Christmas time, after his return from Jerusalem, is furthermore attested by ten items of the Cartulaire de Craon. Maurice II thus returned to France after the month of March 1170.
He took several risks whilst in the Orient and, in executing an oath made abroad, in Egypto, he established an annuity of two sous for the benefit of the Collégiale Saint-Nicolas de Craon to contribute towards the chapel lamp.
Marriage
He married Isabelle de Meulan, daughter of Galéran IV de Meulan, widow from her first marriage to Geoffroy III de Mayenne on his return from the Holy Land about 1170 This alliance brought him the double support of the lords of Meulan and those of Mayenne.
From his marriage, contracted around 1170 with Isabelle de Mayenne, Maurice II had four sons and three daughters :
Renaud;
Maurice III;
Pierre ecclesiastic;
Amaury;
Avoise, wife of Guy V de Laval;
Clémence, wife of Pierre de la Garnache;
Agnès, wife of Thibault II de Mathefelon.
Henry II of England
The time of Maurice II saw the rise of the house of Anjou. From 1152 the Lords of Anjou became vassals of Henry II of England, and, under his standard, obliged to combat France.
In 1174, following the revolt of the sons of Henry II against their father, Maurice II counted amongst the lords that had remained faithful to the King. Charged with leading the Angevins, he seized Chantoceaux and Sablé, destroyed Sablé's two neighbouring fortresses; Saint-Loup and Saint-Brice, and took over the government of Anjou and of Maine, as well as that of the recently constructed fortress at Ancenis.
The same year he figured amongst the witnesses of the Treaty of Falaise establishing peace between Henry II and his sons.
In 1177, following the agreement made between Louis VII and Henri II, he was predesignated as one of the arbitrators who would rule in the event of difficulties.
He was similarly nominated the 28 June 1180 for the peace signed at Gisors between Philippe-Auguste and Henri II.
Third Crusade
Richard the Lionheart, successor to Henry II, took with him a great number of his vassals but others were not going to join him until later; Maurice II was amongst these, for, in 1191, he was still in Anjou. We find no acts emanating from him at the time of
the departure for his first voyage to the Holy Land. For the second, however, many are known. including a testament dated
1191.
Testament
The testament portrays the state of the family of Maurice II in 1191. He identifies six children: three daughters, the eldest, and three sons. The eldest daughter Avoise de Craon, married Guy V de Laval; the second is not named, but Pierre de la Garnache, who held the rank there is evidently her husband. The third, Agnès, is named, her dowry of Craon and Chantocé is specified, but the name of her husband is not given; as for the sons all three figure in their order of primogeniture.
Death
Maurice II returned to France and founded the priory of Bonshommes de Ballots near to Craon. He died 12 July 1196, resulting in the obituary of la Haye-aux-Bons-Hommes. The location of his tomb is not known, but it is known that his heart was taken to Savigny Abbey.
Anglo-Norman Poet
Maurice II was not only a great warrior and a man of faith; he was also a poet and amongst the songs of the trouvères of the Langue d'oïl, which have descended to us, there is one that one can legitimately be considered as being as his work that which begins by the verse: A l'entrant del doux termine.
Literature
Maurice II de Craon is the central character of the anonymous Middle High German verse romance Moriz von Craûn dated between 1187 and 1250. This, in turn, derives from a French fabliau: Du chevalier qui recovra l'amour de sa dame. The story tells of Maurice's attempts to woo "Isabel", depicted as the wife of his neighbour, Richard de Beaumont.