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Kurt Schuschnigg — KurtVonSchuschnigg1936.jpg: Not stated by seller, may be unknown derivative work: Mario Link2012-07-20 09:22 (UTC) · Copyrighted free use

jurist

Kurt Schuschnigg

Chancellor of Austria (1897-1977)

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Also known as Kurt Edler von Schuschnigg, Kurt von Schuschnigg, Dr. Kurt Schuschnigg

Key facts

Occupation: jurist, politician, diplomat, pedagogue
Position held: member of the National Council of Austria, Federal Chancellor of Austria, Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs of Austria, Federal Minister of Justice
Citizenship: United States, Austria, Cisleithania
Born: December 15, 1897, December 14, 1897
Died: November 18, 1977

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Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image via Wikimedia Commons (Copyrighted free use).

Overview

Kurt Alois Josef Johann von Schuschnigg (; 14 December 1897 – 18 November 1977) was an Austrian politician who was the Chancellor of the Federal State of Austria from the 1934 assassination of his predecessor Engelbert Dollfuss until the 1938 Anschluss with Nazi Germany. Although Schuschnigg considered Austria a "German state" and Austrians to be Germans, he was strongly opposed to Adolf Hitler's goal to absorb Austria into the Third Reich and wished for it to remain independent. When Schuschnigg's efforts to keep Austria independent had failed, he resigned his office. After the Anschluss he was arrested, kept in solitary confinement and eventually interned in various concentration camps. He was liberated in 1945 by the advancing United States Army and spent most of the rest of his life in academia in the United States. Schuschnigg gained American citizenship in 1956. Biography Early life Schuschnigg was born in Riva del Garda in the Tyrolean crown land of Austria-Hungary (now in Trentino, Italy), the son of Anna Josefa Amalia (Wopfner) and Austrian General Artur von Schuschnigg, member of a long-established Austrian officers' family of Carinthian Slovene descent. The Slovene spelling of the family name is Šušnik.

From Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Notable quotes

“The situation changed visibly when sentimental reasons and long-term political aims gave way to a stern, ruthless nationalist ideology which would brook no compromise. Hitler had categorically demanded the Anschluss in "Mein Kampf". . . . As early as 1923 Hitler had decide that, if necessary, the National-Socialists must take over the government in Austria by force.”
— p. 39
“People were not all fascists on one side and bolshevists on the other. A contemporary writer says” ‘if there is talk of fascism in Austria, in the interest of historical accuracy and the honour of our people it should be stated that the first Austrian fascists were extreme left-wingers and that they were directly responsible for the emergence and formation of the other brand of fascism.’”
— p. 53
“In the Vienna of the First Republic a tendency to anti-semtism was particularly marked in the years of economic upheaval, between 1921 and 1923. . . At the time organized anti-semitism was definitely led by the newly-formed National-Socialist movement, which stressed the racial and "völkisch" aspects and linked the problem with the Anschluss movement.”
— p. 63
“Neither the free will of the people nor the right of self-determination nor even the consent of a majority of convinced National-Socialists can be cited as justification for the obliteration of Austria after 1938.”
— p. 209-210

Quotes via Wikiquote (CC BY-SA), each with its original source.