Karlsruhe

Geography

Karlsruhe lies completely to the east of the Rhine, and almost completely on the Upper Rhine Plain. It contains the Turmberg in the east, and also lies on the borders of the Kraichgau leading to the Northern Black Forest.

The Rhine river, one of the world's most important shipping routes, forms the western limits of the city, beyond which lie the towns of Maximiliansau and Wörth am Rhein in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The city centre is about 7.5 km (4.7 mi) from the river, as measured from the Marktplatz (Market Square). Two tributaries of the Rhine, the Alb and the Pfinz, flow through the city from the Kraichgau to eventually join the Rhine.

The city lies at an altitude of between 100 and 322 m (328 and 1,056 ft), the higher figure being near the communications tower in the suburb of Grünwettersbach. Its geographical coordinates are 49°00′N 8°24′E; the 49th parallel runs through the city centre, which puts it at the same latitude as much of the Canada–United States border and the cities of Vancouver (Canada), Paris (France), Regensburg (Germany), and Hulunbuir (China). Its course is marked by a stone and painted line in the Stadtgarten (municipal park). The total area of the city is 173.46 km2 (66.97 sq mi), hence it is the 30th largest city in Germany measured by land area. The longest north–south distance is 16.8 km (10.4 mi) and 19.3 km (12.0 mi) in the east–west direction.

Karlsruhe is part of the urban area of Karlsruhe/Pforzheim, to which certain other towns in the district of Karlsruhe, such as Bruchsal, Ettlingen, Stutensee, and Rheinstetten, as well as the city of Pforzheim, belong.

The city was planned with the palace tower (Schloss) at the center and 32 streets radiating out from it like the spokes of a wheel, or the ribs of a folding fan, so that one nickname for Karlsruhe in German is the "fan city" (Fächerstadt). Almost all of these streets survive to this day. Because of this city layout, in metric geometry, Karlsruhe metric refers to a measure of distance that assumes travel is only possible along radial streets and along circular avenues around the centre.

The city centre is the oldest part of town and lies south of the palace in the quadrant defined by nine of the radial streets. The central part of the palace runs east–west, with two wings, each at a 45° angle, directed southeast and southwest (i.e., parallel with the streets marking the boundaries of the quadrant defining the city center).

Climate

Karlsruhe experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) with subtropical character and its winter climate is a lot milder, compared to most other German cities, except for the Rhine-Ruhr and North Sea area. Summers are hot with several days registering maximum temperatures between 35 and 40 °C (95 and 104 °F). With an average of around 2,000 sunshine hours a year, it is also one of the brightest cities in the country, like the Rhine-Palatinate region.

Its precipitation or rain-shower occurs mainly during the winter, while in summer it is concentrated on single evening thunderstorms. In 2008, the weather station in Karlsruhe, which had been in operation since 1876, was closed; it was replaced by a weather station in Rheinstetten, south of Karlsruhe.

Districts

Karlsruhe is divided into 27 districts.

History

According to legend, the name Karlsruhe, which translates as "Charles' repose" or "Charles' peace", was given to the new city after a hunting trip when Margrave Charles III William of Baden-Durlach woke from a dream in which he dreamt of founding his new city. A variation of this story claims that he built the new palace to find peace from his wife.

Charles William founded the city on 17 June 1715 after a dispute with the citizens of his previous capital, Durlach. The founding of the city is closely linked to the construction of the palace. Karlsruhe became the capital of Baden-Durlach, and, in 1771, of the united Baden until 1945. Built in 1822, the Ständehaus was the first parliament building in a German state. In the aftermath of the democratic revolution of 1848, a republican government was elected there.

Karlsruhe was visited by Thomas Jefferson during his time as the American envoy to France; when Pierre Charles L'Enfant was planning the layout of Washington, D.C., Jefferson passed to him maps of 12 European towns to consult, one of which was a sketch he had made of Karlsruhe during his visit.

In 1860, the first-ever international professional convention of chemists, the Karlsruhe Congress, was held in the city.

In 1907 the town was site of the Hau Riot where large crowds caused disturbance during the trial of murderer Carl Hau.

During World War I, Karlsruhe was a target of French air raids. On 15 June 1915, 23 French aircraft bombed Karlsruhe, dropping 107 bombs that killed 30 people and injured 68 others. A more devastating air raid followed on 22 June 1916, when French aircraft bombed the city again. The attack, the deadliest air raid on Germany during the war, killed or injured more than 260 people.

On Kristallnacht in 1938, the Adass Jeshurun synagogue was burned to the ground, and the city's Jews were later sent to the Dachau concentration camp, Gurs concentration camp, Theresienstadt, and Auschwitz during the Holocaust, with 1,421 of Karlsruhe's Jews being killed. During World War II, it was the location of a forced labour camp for men, and a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp, whose prisoners were mainly Poles and Russians.

Population

Karlsruhe has a population of about 310,000 and is the 3rd largest city in Baden-Württemberg. Karlsruhe, which was founded by Charles III William, became a major city in the 19th century. In the 1950s, Karlsruhe became a significant city where the population started to grow. It gained a large student population due to the university of technology and media arts. Karlsruhe reached populations of 200,000 in 1950 and 300,000 in 2014.

Main sights

The Stadtgarten is a recreational area near the main railway station (Hauptbahnhof) and was rebuilt for the 1967 Federal Garden Show (Bundesgartenschau). It is also the site of the Karlsruhe Zoo.

The Durlacher Turmberg has a lookout tower (hence its name). It is a former keep dating back to the 13th century.

The city has two botanical gardens: the municipal Botanischer Garten Karlsruhe, which forms part of the Palace complex, and the Botanical Garden of the KIT, which is maintained by the university.

The Marktplatz has a stone pyramid marking the grave of the city's founder. Built in 1825, it is the emblem of Karlsruhe.

The city is nicknamed the "fan city" (die Fächerstadt) because of its design layout, with straight streets radiating fan-like from the Palace.

The Karlsruhe Palace (Schloss) is an interesting piece of architecture; the adjacent Schlossgarten includes the Botanical Garden with a palm, cactus and orchid house, and walking paths through the woods to the north.

The so-called Kleine Kirche (Little Church), built between 1773 and 1776, is the oldest church of Karlsruhe's city centre.

The architect Friedrich Weinbrenner designed many of the city's most important sights. Another sight is the Rondellplatz with its 'Constitution Building Columns' (1826). It is dedicated to Baden's first constitution in 1818, which was one of the most liberal of its time. The Münze (mint), erected in 1826/27, was also built by Weinbrenner.

The St. Stephan parish church is one of the masterpieces of neoclassical church architecture in. Weinbrenner, who built this church between 1808 and 1814, orientated it to the Pantheon, Rome.

Government

Justice

Karlsruhe is the seat of the German Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) and the highest Court of Appeals in civil and criminal cases, the Bundesgerichtshof. The courts came to Karlsruhe after World War II, when the provinces of Baden and Württemberg were merged. Stuttgart, capital of Württemberg, became the capital of the new province (Württemberg-Baden in 1945 and Baden-Württemberg in 1952). In compensation for the state authorities relocated to Stuttgart, Karlsruhe applied to become the seat of the high court.

Public health

There are four hospitals: The Karlsruhe Municipal Hospital provides the maximum level of medical services, the St. Vincentius-Kliniken and the Diakonissenkrankenhaus, connected to the Catholic and Protestant churches, respectively, offer central services, and the private Paracelsus-Klinik basic medical care, according to state hospital demand planning.

Economy

Germany's largest oil refinery is located in Karlsruhe, at the western edge of the city, directly on the river Rhine. The Technologieregion Karlsruhe is a loose confederation of the region's cities to promote high tech industries; today, about 20% of the region's jobs are in research and development. EnBW, one of Germany's biggest electric utility companies, with a revenue of €19.2 billion in 2012, is headquartered in the city.

Internet activities

Due to the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology providing services until the late 1990, Karlsruhe became known as the internet capital of Germany. The DENIC, Germany's network information centre, has since moved to Frankfurt, though, where DE-CIX is located.

Two major internet service providers, WEB.DE and schlund+partner/1&1, now both owned by United Internet AG, are located at Karlsruhe.

The library of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology developed the Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog, the first internet site that allowed researchers worldwide (for free) to search multiple library catalogues worldwide.

In 2000, the regional online newspaper ka-news.de was created. As a daily newspaper, it not only provides the news, but also informs readers about upcoming events in Karlsruhe and surrounding areas.

In addition to established companies, Karlsruhe has a vivid and spreading startup community with well-known startups. Together, the local high tech industry is responsible for over 22,000 jobs.

Politics

Mayor

The current mayor of Karlsruhe is Frank Mentrup of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) since 2013. The most recent mayoral election was held on 6 December 2020, and the results were as follows:

After the castle was founded in 1715, there was also a settlement in which a mayor was appointed from 1718. From 1812 the mayors received the title of Lord Mayor.

In addition to the Lord Mayor, there are five other mayors.

Mayor for:

Human Resources, Elections and Statistics, Citizen Service and Security, Culture

Youth and social affairs, schools, sports, pools

Finance, economy and work, city marketing, congresses, exhibitions and events, tourism, supply and ports, real estate and market affairs

Environment and climate protection, health, cemetery office, waste management, forestry, fire and disaster control

Planning, building, real estate management, people's apartment and zoo

City council

The Karlsruhe city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows:

Transport

Railway

VBK Verkehrsbetriebe Karlsruhe (lit. 'Karlsruhe Transport Company') operates the city's urban public transport network, comprising seven tram routes and a network of bus routes. All city areas can be reached round the clock by tram and a night bus system. The Turmbergbahn funicular railway, to the east of the city centre, is also operated by the VBK. A new section of tram tunnel through central Karlsruhe was completed in December 2021.

The VBK is also a partner, with the Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft and Deutsche Bahn, in the operation of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn, the rail system that serves a larger area around the city. This system makes it possible to reach other towns in the region, like Ettlingen, Wörth am Rhein, Pforzheim, Bad Wildbad, Bretten, Bruchsal, Heilbronn, Baden-Baden, and even Freudenstadt in the Black Forest right from the city centre. The Stadtbahn is known for pioneering the concept of operating trams on train tracks, to achieve a more effective and attractive public transport system.

Karlsruhe is connected via road and rail, with Autobahn and Intercity Express connections going to Frankfurt, Stuttgart/Munich and Freiburg/Basel from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof. Since June 2007 it has been connected to the TGV network, reducing travel time to Paris to three hours (previously it had taken five hours).

The Rhine Valley Railway is also an important freight line. Freight trains can bypass Karlsuhe Hauptbahnhof via the Karlsruhe freight bypass railway.

Shipping

Two ports on the Rhine provide transport capacity on cargo ships, especially for petroleum products.

Airport

The nearest airport is part of the Baden Airpark (officially Flughafen Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden) about 45 km (28 mi) southwest of Karlsruhe, with regular connections to airports in Germany and Europe in general. Frankfurt International Airport can be reached in about an hour and a half by car (one hour by Intercity Express); Stuttgart Airport can be reached in about one hour (about an hour and a half by train and S-Bahn).

Streets

Karlsruhe is at the Bundesautobahn 5 and the Bundesstraße 10. In the city there is a good bike lane infrastructure.

Two interesting facts in transportation history are that both Karl Drais, the inventor of the bicycle, as well as Karl Benz, the inventor of the automobile were born in Karlsruhe. Benz was born in Mühlburg, which later became a borough of Karlsruhe (in 1886). Benz also studied at the Karlsruhe University. Benz's wife Bertha took the world's first long distance-drive with an automobile from Mannheim to Karlsruhe-Grötzingen and Pforzheim (see Bertha Benz Memorial Route). Their professional lives led both men to the neighboring city of Mannheim, where they first applied their most famous inventions.

Jewish community

Jews settled in Karlsruhe soon after its founding. They were attracted by the numerous privileges granted by its founder to settlers, without discrimination as to creed. Official documents attest the presence of several Jewish families at Karlsruhe in 1717. A year later the city council addressed to the margrave a report in which a question was raised as to the proportion of municipal charges to be borne by the newly arrived Jews, who in that year formed an organized congregation, with Rabbi Nathan Uri Kohen of Metz at its head. A document dated 1726 gives the names of twenty-four Jews who had taken part in an election of municipal officers.

As the city grew, permission to settle there became less easily obtained by Jews, and the community developed more slowly. A 1752 Jewry ordinance stated Jews were forbidden to leave the city on Sundays and Christian holidays, or to go out of their houses during church services, but they were exempted from service by court summonses on Sabbaths. They could sell wine only in inns owned by Jews and graze their cattle, not on the commons, but on the wayside only. Nethanael Weill was a rabbi in Karlsruhe from 1750 until his death.

In 1783, by a decree issued by Margrave Charles Frederick of Baden, the Jews ceased to be serfs, and consequently could settle wherever they pleased. The same decree freed them from the Todfall tax, paid to the clergy for each Jewish burial. In commemoration of these changes special prayers were prepared by the acting rabbi Jedidiah Tiah Weill, who, succeeding his father in 1770, held the office until 1805.

In 1808 the new constitution of what at that time, during the Napoleonic era, had become the Grand Duchy of Baden granted Jews citizenship status; a subsequent edict, in 1809, constitutionally acknowledged Jews as a religious group. The latter edict provided for a hierarchical organization of the Jewish communities of Baden, under the umbrella of a central council of Baden Jewry (Oberrat der Israeliten Badens), with its seat in Karlsruhe, and the appointment of a chief rabbi of Karlsruhe, as the spiritual head of the Jews in all of Baden. The first chief rabbi of Karlsruhe and Baden was Rabbi Asher Loew, who served from 1809 until his death in 1837.

Complete emancipation was given in 1862, Jews were elected to city council and Baden parliament, and from 1890 were appointed judges. Jews were persecuted in the 'Hep-Hep' riots that occurred in 1819; and anti-Jewish demonstrations were held in 1843, 1848, and the 1880s. The well-known German-Israeli artist Leo Kahn studied in Karlsruhe before leaving for France and Israel in the 1920s and 1930s.

Karlsruhe and the Holocaust

On 28 October 1938, all Jewish men of Polish extraction were expelled to the Polish border, their families joining them later and most ultimately perishing in the ghettoes and concentration camps. On Kristallnacht (9–10 November 1938), the Adass Jeshurun synagogue was burned to the ground, the main synagogue was damaged, and Jewish men were taken to the Dachau concentration camp after being beaten and tormented. Deportations commenced on 22 October 1940, when 893 Jews were loaded onto trains for the three-day journey to the Gurs concentration camp in France. Another 387 were deported in from 1942 to 1945 to Izbica in the Lublin district (Poland), Theresienstadt, and Auschwitz. Of the 1,280 Jews deported directly from Karlsruhe, 1,175 perished. Another 138 perished after deportation from other German cities or occupied Europe. In all, 1,421 of Karlsruhe's Jews died during The Holocaust. A new community was formed after the war by surviving former residents, with a new synagogue erected in 1971. It numbered 359 in 1980.

Notable people

Public service

Jacob Ettlinger (1798–1871), an Ashkenazi rabbi and author and one of the leaders of Orthodox Judaism.

Anton von Stabel (1806–1880), a Baden lawyer, judge and statesman.

Heinrich Julius Holtzmann (1832–1910), Protestant theologian.

Adolf Hausrath (1837–1909), a German theologian.

Adolf Marschall von Bieberstein (1842–1912), State Secretary of the Foreign Office of the German Empire.

Karl Benz (1844–1929), mechanical engineer and inventor of the first automobile; founded Benz & Co., Daimler-Benz, (now part of Daimler AG). He was born locally in Mühlburg

Friedrich Ratzel (1844–1904), geographer and ethnographer, used the term Lebensraum.

Hedwig Kettler (1851–1937), women's rights activist, writer and education reformer; founded the first German Mädchengymnasium (girls' high school) in Karlsruhe

Berthold von Deimling (1853–1944), general officer of the German Army during WW1 became a pacifist.

Franz Lipp (1855–1937), a German lawyer and politician, participant in Palm Sunday Putsch

Ludwig R. Conradi (1856–1939), leader of European Adventism, caused controversy and schism

Gustav Landauer (1870–1919), theorist of anarchism in Germany

Maximilian Bayer (1872–1917), founded Scouting in Germany

The arts

Johann Peter Hebel (1760–1826), short story writer, dialectal poet and Lutheran theologian; lived locally.

Antoine Ignace Melling (1763–1831), painter, architect and voyager

Friedrich Weinbrenner (1766–1826), neoclassicist architect; his tomb is in the main Protestant church.

Karoline von Günderrode (1780–1806), romantic poet.

August Böckh (1785–1867), classical scholar and antiquarian.

Julius Braun (1825–1869), historian, with an interest in art, culture and religion.

Joseph Viktor von Scheffel (1826–1886), poet and novelist.

Ludwig Eichrodt (1827–1892), poet and dramatist.

Ferdinand Keller (1842–1922), genre and history painter.

Teobert Maler (1842–1917), an explorer who documented the ruins of the Maya civilization.

Hermann Billing (1867–1946), Art Nouveau architect, born and lived in Karlsruhe, where his works now are.

Karl Hofer (1878–1955) an expressionist painter & director of the Berlin Academy of Fine Arts.

Otto Bartning (1883–1959), architect and architectural theorist; planned the Bauhaus with Walter Gropius

Margarete Schweikert (1887–1957), composer, music critic, violinist and pianist

Science

Marianne Bielschowsky (1904–1977), biochemist and anti–fascist

Johann Gottfried Tulla (1770–1828), stabilized and straightened the southern Rhine; a co-founder of the Karlsruhe University (1825)

Karl Drais (1785–1851), inventor of the two-wheeler principle (dandy horse) basic to bicycles and motorcycles & the key typewriter and earliest stenograph

Friedrich Parrot (1791–1841), a Baltic German naturalist, explorer, and mountaineer; climbed Mount Ararat

Robert Gerwig (1820–1885), civil engineer, designer of the Black Forest Railway

Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894), discovered electromagnetic waves at the University of Karlsruhe in the 1880s.

Hermann Blau (1871–1944), engineer and chemist and inventor of Blau gas

Richard Willstätter (1872–1942), organic chemist, recipient of 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry

Eugen Fischer (1874–1967), physician who influenced Nazi racial hygiene

Rahel Straus (1880–1963), a pioneering German-Jewish medical doctor, feminist and writer.

Friedrich Hund (1896–1997), physicist of the pioneering generation of quantum mechanics (see Hund's rules)

S. H. Foulkes (1898–1976), psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, founder of group analysis.

Erik H. Erikson (1902–1994), children's psychoanalyst and theoretical pioneer of identity building. School locally

Sport

Ludwig Durlacher (1844–1924), a Grand Duchy of Baden-born American strongman and gym owner.

Walther Bensemann (1873–1934), one of the founders of the first southern German soccer club Karlsruher FV and later one of the founders of DFB, lived locally

Gottfried Fuchs (1889–1972), was born in Karlsruhe and holds the record of ten goals in one single international soccer match at the 1912 Olympics for the German national team

Julius Hirsch (1892–1945), Olympian footballer, first Jewish member of the national team, two-time Germany team champion, awarded the Iron Cross during World War I, murdered in Auschwitz concentration camp

Lina Radke (1903–1983), track and field athlete gold medallist, women's 800m at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Gerhard Hennige (born 1940). a retired sprinter, silver medallist at the 1968 Summer Olympics

Detlef Hofmann (born 1963), sprint canoeist, gold medallist at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Oliver Bierhoff (born 1968), retired footballer and captain of Germany; played 444 games and 70 for Germany

Oliver Kahn (born 1969), goalkeeper of Karlsruher SC & Bayern Munich, played 630 games and 86 for Germany

Mehmet Scholl (born 1970), footballer for Karlsruher SC & Bayern Munich, played 420 games and 36 for Germany

Jens Nowotny (born 1974), footballer, played 344 games and 48 for Germany

Renate Lingor (born 1975), former footballer for the Germany women's national football team, played 149 games

Aristocracy

Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1679–1738), Margrave of Baden-Durlach, 1709 to 1738.

Frederica of Baden (1781–1826) Queen of Sweden from 1797 to 1809 as the consort of King Gustav IV Adolf.

Princess Alexandrine of Baden (1820–1904), Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1844 to 1893

Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden (1857–1928) the last sovereign Grand Duke of Baden, 1907 to abolition 1918.

Victoria of Baden (1862–1930), queen consort of Sweden by her marriage to King Gustaf V

Berthold, Margrave of Baden (1906–1963), head of the House of Baden, until 1918 & 1929 until his death

Education

Bismarck-Gymnasium Karlsruhe

Karlsruhe is a renowned research and study centre, with one of Germany's finest institutions of higher education.

Technology, engineering, and business

The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) (conglomeration of the University of Karlsruhe (TH) and the Karlsruhe Research Center since 2009) is the oldest technical university in Germany, one of nine German Universities of Excellence, and the primary research university of the Helmholtz Association. According to the QS World Ranking, it is fifth among the best universities in Germany and 98th worldwide. The Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (Hochschule Karlsruhe – HKA) is the third-largest university of applied sciences in the state of Baden-Württemberg and offers both professional and academic education in engineering sciences and business.

The arts

The Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe is one of the smallest universities in Germany, with average 300 students. The Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design (HfG) was founded to the same time as its sister institution, the Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe (Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie). The HfG teaching and research focuses on new media and media art. The Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe is a music conservatory that offers degrees in composition, music performance, education, and radio journalism. Since 1989 it has been located in the Gottesaue Palace.

International education

The Karlshochschule International University (formerly known as Merkur Internationale Fachhochschule) was founded in 2004. As a foundation-owned, state-approved management school, Karlshochschule offers undergraduate education in both German and English, focusing on international and intercultural management, as well as service- and culture-related industries. Furthermore, an international consecutive Master of Arts in leadership studies is offered in English.

European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)

Karlsruhe hosts one of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology's Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICs) focusing on sustainable energy. Other co‑centres are based in Grenoble, France (CC Alps Valleys); Eindhoven, the Netherlands, and Leuven, Belgium (CC Benelux); Barcelona, Spain (CC Iberia); Kraków, Poland (CC PolandPlus); and Stockholm, Sweden (CC Sweden).

University of education

The Karlsruhe University of Education was founded in 1962. It is specialized in educational processes. The university has about 3700 students and 180 full-time researchers and lecturers. It offers a wide range of educational studies, like teaching profession for primary and secondary schools (both optional with a European Teaching Certificate profile), Bachelor programs that specializes in Early Childhood Education and in Health and Leisure Education, Master programs in Educational Science, Intercultural Education, Migration and Multilingualism. Furthermore, the University of Education Karlsruhe offers a Master program for Biodiversity and Environmental Education.

Culture

In 1999 the ZKM (Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie, Centre for Art and Media) was opened. Linking new media theory and practice, the ZKM is located in a former weapons factory. Among the institutes related to the ZKM are the Staatliche Hochschule für Gestaltung (State University of Design), whose president is philosopher Peter Sloterdijk and the Museum for Contemporary Art.

Twin towns – sister cities

Karlsruhe is twinned with:

Nancy, France (1955)

Nottingham, England, United Kingdom (1969)

Halle, Germany (1987)

Krasnodar, Russia (1997)

Timișoara, Romania (1997)

Vinnytsia, Ukraine (2022)

Partnerships

Karlsruhe also cooperates with:

Oulu, Finland

Legacy

The Ukrainian village Stepove near the city of Mykolaiv in southern Ukraine was established by German colonists as Karlsruhe.

The element Protactinium was discovered here in 1913.

Events

Every year in July there is a large open-air festival lasting three days called simply Das Fest ("The Festival").

The Baden State Theatre has sponsored the Händel Festival since 1978.

The city hosted the 23rd and 31st European Juggling Conventions (EJC) in 2000 and 2008.

In July the African Summer Festival is held in the city's Nordstadt. Markets, drumming workshops, exhibitions, a varied children's programme, and musical performances take place during the three days festival.

In the past Karlsruhe has been the host of LinuxTag (the biggest Linux event in Europe) and until 2006 hosted the annual Linux Audio Conference.

Visitors and locals watched the total solar eclipse at noon on 11 August 1999. The city was not only located within the eclipse path but was one of the few within Germany not plagued by bad weather.

Sport

Football

Karlsruher SC (KSC), DFB (2. Liga)

Basketball

PS Karlsruhe Lions, 2024 champion of the ProA (second division)

Karlsruhe co-hosted the FIBA EuroBasket 1985.

Volleyball

SVK Beiertheim, second German division

Tennis

TC Rueppurr (TCR), [Tennis-Bundesliga] (women's first division)

Lacrosse

KIT SC Karlsruhe Storm, 1. Bundesliga Süd

Baseball, softball

Karlsruhe Cougars, Regional League South-East (men's baseball), 1st Bundesliga South (women's softball I) and State League South (women's softball II)

American football

Badener Greifs, currently competing in the Regional League Central but formerly a member of the German Football League's 1st Bundesliga, lost to the Berlin Adler in the 1987 German Bowl (see also: German Football League)