January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 355 days remain until the end of the year (356 in leap years).
Contents
Events
Pre-1600
49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the beginning of his own, the Xin dynasty.
69 – Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus is appointed by Galba as deputy Roman Emperor.
236 – Pope Fabian succeeds Anterus to become the twentieth pope of Rome.
1072 – Robert Guiscard conquers Palermo in Sicily for the Normans.
1430 – Philip the Good, the Duke of Burgundy, establishes the Order of the Golden Fleece, the most prestigious, exclusive, and expensive order of chivalry in the world.
1475 – Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui.
1601–1900
1645 – Archbishop William Laud is beheaded for treason at the Tower of London.
1776 – American Revolution: Thomas Paine publishes his pamphlet Common Sense.
1791 – The Siege of Dunlap's Station begins near Cincinnati during the Northwest Indian War.
1812 – The first steamboat on the Ohio River or the Mississippi River arrives in New Orleans, 82 days after departing from Pittsburgh.
1861 – American Civil War: Florida becomes the third state to secede from the Union.
1863 – The Metropolitan Railway, the world's oldest underground railway, opens between Paddington and Farringdon, marking the beginning of the London Underground.
1870 – John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil.
1876 – The Plan of Tuxtepec is announced.
1901–present
1901 – The first great Texas oil gusher is discovered at Spindletop in Beaumont, Texas.
1901 – New York: Automobile Club of America installs signs on major highways.
1916 – World War I: Imperial Russia begins the Erzurum Offensive, leading to the defeat of the Ottoman Empire's Third Army.
1917 – Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: Seven survivors of the Ross Sea party are rescued after being stranded for several months.
1920 – The Treaty of Versailles takes effect, officially ending World War I for all combatant nations except the United States.
1920 – League of Nations Covenant automatically enters into force after the Treaty of Versailles is ratified by Germany.
1927 – Fritz Lang's futuristic film Metropolis is released in Germany.
1941 – World War II: The Greek army captures Kleisoura.
1946 – The first General Assembly of the United Nations assembles in the Methodist Central Hall, Westminster. Fifty-one nations are represented.
1946 – The United States Army Signal Corps successfully conducts Project Diana, bouncing radio waves off the Moon and receiving the reflected signals.
1954 – BOAC Flight 781, a de Havilland DH.106 Comet 1, explodes and falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea, killing 35 people.
1966 – Tashkent Declaration, a peace agreement between India and Pakistan signed that resolved the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
Births
Pre-1600
626 – Husayn ibn Ali, the third Shia Imam (died 680)
1480 – Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy (died 1530)
1538 – Louis of Nassau (died 1574)
1601–1900
1607 – Isaac Jogues, French priest and missionary (died 1646)
1644 – Louis François, duc de Boufflers, French general (died 1711)
1654 – Joshua Barnes, English historian and scholar (died 1712)
1702 – Johannes Zick, German painter (died 1762)
1715 – Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian (died 1775)
1750 – Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine, Scottish-English lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (died 1823)
1760 – Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg, German composer and conductor (died 1802)
1769 – Michel Ney, French general (died 1815)
1776 – George Birkbeck, English physician and academic, founded Birkbeck, University of London (died 1841)
1780 – Martin Lichtenstein, German physician and explorer (died 1857)
1802 – Carl Ritter von Ghega, Italian-Austrian engineer, designed the Semmering railway (died 1860)
1810 – Ferdinand Barbedienne, French engineer (died 1892)
1810 – Jeremiah S. Black, American jurist and politician, 23rd United States Secretary of State (died 1883)
1810 – William Haines, English-Australian politician, 1st Premier of Victoria (died 1866)
1901–present
1903 – Barbara Hepworth, English sculptor (died 1975)
1903 – Voldemar Väli, Estonian wrestler (died 1997)
1904 – Ray Bolger, American actor and dancer (died 1987)
1907 – Gordon Kidd Teal, American engineer and inventor (died 2003)
1911 – Norman Heatley, English biologist and chemist (died 2004)
1912 – Della H. Raney, American Army Air Corps officer (died 1987)
1912 – Maria Mandl, Austrian Lagerführerin at Auschwitz koncentration camp (died 1948)
1913 – Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician, 9th President of Czechoslovakia (died 1991)
1913 – Mehmet Shehu, Albanian soldier and politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Albania (died 1981)
1914 – Yu Kuo-hwa, Chinese politician, 23rd Premier of the Republic of China (died 2000)
Deaths
Pre-1600
259 – Polyeuctus, Roman saint
314 – Miltiades, pope of the Catholic Church
681 – Agatho, pope of the Catholic Church
976 – John I Tzimiskes, Byzantine emperor (born 925)
987 – Pietro I Orseolo, doge of Venice (born 928)
1055 – Bretislav I, duke of Bohemia
1094 – Al-Mustansir Billah, Egyptian caliph (born 1029)
1218 – Hugh I, king of Cyprus
1276 – Gregory X, pope of the Catholic Church (born c.1210)
1322 – Petrus Aureolus, scholastic philosopher
1358 – Abu Inan Faris, Marinid ruler of Morocco (born 1329)
1552 – Johann Cochlaeus, German humanist and controversialist (born 1479)
1601–1900
1645 – William Laud, English archbishop and academic (born 1573)
1654 – Nicholas Culpeper, English botanist, physician, and astrologer (born 1616)
1698 – Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, French priest and historian (born 1637)
1754 – Edward Cave, English publisher, founded The Gentleman's Magazine (born 1691)
1761 – Edward Boscawen, English admiral and politician (born 1711)
1778 – Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist and physician (born 1707)
1794 – Georg Forster, German-Polish ethnologist and journalist (born 1754)
1811 – Joseph Chénier, French poet, playwright, and politician (born 1764)
1824 – Victor Emmanuel I, duke of Savoy and king of Sardinia (born 1759)
1828 – François de Neufchâteau, French poet, academic, and politician, French Minister of the Interior (born 1750)
1829 – Gregorio Funes, Argentinian clergyman, historian, and educator (born 1749)
1843 – Dimitrie Macedonski, Greek-Romanian captain and politician (born 1780)
1851 – Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian field marshal (born 1775)
1855 – Mary Russell Mitford, English author and playwright (born 1787)
1901–present
1901 – James Dickson, English-Australian businessman and politician, 1st Australian Minister for Defence (born 1832)
1904 – Jean-Léon Gérôme, French painter and sculptor (born 1824)
1905 – Kārlis Baumanis, Latvian composer (born 1835)
1917 – Buffalo Bill, American soldier and hunter (born 1846)
1917 – Feliks Leparsky, Russian fencer and captain (born 1875)
1920 – Sali Nivica, Albanian journalist and politician (born 1890)
1922 – Frank Tudor, Australian politician, 6th Australian Minister for Trade and Investment (born 1866)
1926 – Eino Leino, Finnish poet and journalist (born 1878)
1935 – Edwin Flack, Australian tennis player and runner (born 1873)
1935 – Charlie McGahey, English cricketer and footballer (born 1871)
1941 – Frank Bridge, English viola player and composer (born 1879)
1941 – John Lavery, Irish painter and academic (born 1856)
1941 – Issai Schur, Belarusian-German mathematician and academic (born 1875)
1946 – Matti Turkia, Finnish politician (born 1871)
1949 – Erich von Drygalski, German geographer and geophysicist (born 1865)
Holidays and observances
Christian feast day:
Behnam, Sarah, and the Forty Martyrs (Armenian Apostolic Church)
Gregory of Nyssa
Leonie Aviat
Obadiah (Coptic Church)
Peter Orseolo
Pope Agatho (Roman Catholic)
William Laud (Anglican Communion)
William of Donjeon
January 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Fête du Vodoun (Benin)
Margaret Thatcher Day (Falkland Islands)
Majority Rule Day (Bahamas)
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1972 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman returns to the newly independent Bangladesh as president after spending over nine months in prison in Pakistan.
1980 – The New England Journal of Medicine publishes the letter Addiction Rare in Patients Treated with Narcotics, which is later misused to downplay the general risk of addiction to opioids.
1981 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensive, gaining control of most of Morazán and Chalatenango departments.
1984 – Holy See–United States relations: The United States and Holy See (Vatican City) re-establish full diplomatic relations after almost 117 years, overturning the United States Congress's 1867 ban on public funding for such a diplomatic envoy.
1985 – Sandinista Daniel Ortega becomes president of Nicaragua and vows to continue the transformation to socialism and alliance with the Soviet Union and Cuba.
1990 – Time Warner is formed by the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications.
2000 – Crossair Flight 498, a Saab 340 aircraft, crashes in Niederhasli, Switzerland, after taking off from Zurich Airport, killing 13 people.
2003 – North Korea withdraws from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, making it the first state to withdraw from the treaty.
2007 – A general strike begins in Guinea in an attempt to get President Lansana Conté to resign.
2012 – A bombing at Jamrud in Pakistan, kills at least 30 people and injures 78 others.
2013 – More than 100 people are killed and 270 injured in several bomb blasts in the Quetta area of Pakistan.
2015 – A traffic accident between an oil tanker truck and passenger coach en route to Shikarpur from Karachi on the Pakistan National Highway Link Road near Gulshan-e-Hadeed, Karachi, killing at least 62 people.
2019 – A 13-year-old American girl, Jayme Closs, is found alive in Gordon, Wisconsin, having been kidnapped 88 days earlier from her parents' home whilst they were murdered.
1823 – Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev, Azerbaijani national industrial magnate and philanthropist (died 1924)
1827 – Amanda Cajander, Finnish medical reformer (died 1871)
1828 – Herman Koeckemann, German bishop and missionary (died 1892)
1829 – Epameinondas Deligeorgis, Greek lawyer, journalist and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (died 1879)
1834 – John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton, Italian-English historian and politician (died 1902)
1840 – Louis-Nazaire Bégin, Canadian cardinal (died 1925)
1842 – Luigi Pigorini, Italian paleontologist, archaeologist, and ethnographer (died 1925)
1843 – Frank James, American soldier and criminal (died 1915)
1848 – Reinhold Sadler, American merchant and politician, 9th governor of Nevada (died 1906)
1849 – Robert Crosbie, Canadian theosophist, founded the United Lodge of Theosophists (died 1919)
1850 – John Wellborn Root, American architect, designed the Rookery Building and Monadnock Building (died 1891)
1853 – Jessie Bond, mezzo-soprano roles in Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas.(died 1942)
1854 – Ramón Corral, Mexican general and politician, 6th Vice President of Mexico (died 1912)
1858 – Heinrich Zille, German illustrator and photographer (died 1929)
1859 – Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia, Spanish philosopher and academic (died 1909)
1860 – Charles G. D. Roberts, Canadian poet and author (died 1943)
1864 – Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia (died 1931)
1873 – Algernon Maudslay, English sailor (died 1948)
1873 – Jack O'Neill, Irish-American baseball player (died 1935)
1873 – George Orton, Canadian runner and hurdler (died 1958)
1875 – Issai Schur, German mathematician and academic (died 1941)
1877 – Frederick Gardner Cottrell, American physical chemist, inventor and philanthropist (died 1948)
1878 – John McLean, American hurdler, football player, and coach (died 1955)
1880 – Manuel Azaña, Spanish jurist and politician, 7th President of Spain (died 1940)
1883 – Francis X. Bushman, American actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1966)