Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (Indonesian: Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, abbreviated BMKG) is an Indonesian non-departmental government agency for meteorology, climatology, and geophysics.
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History
Its history began on 1841 with individual observation conducted by Dr. Onnen, the head of hospital in Bogor, and was established as a formal government institution on 1866 by the Dutch East Indies government by the name of Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory (Dutch: Magnetisch en Meteorologisch Observatorium). The agency name changed several times and its current name was given on 6 September 2008.
Tropical Cyclone Warning Center
Since 1986 the BMKG, has run a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC), within their headquarters in Jakarta. Over the next 12 seasons, the TCWC named and issued international warnings for the area from the Equator to 10°S between 90°E and 125°E. In 1998, the World Meteorological Organization's RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee recommended that TCWC Perth, in Australia take over warning responsibility on an interim basis until the BMKG's staff had the training to run the TCWC. TCWC Perth then took over the warning and naming responsibilities until the 2007–08 season when they handed it back to TCWC Jakarta. The first depression to be named by TCWC Jakarta came later that year when Cyclone Durga became a Tropical Cyclone within their area of responsibility. During the next two seasons TCWC Jakarta, monitored several tropical cyclones in the North Western Pacific Ocean and the Australian region. At the start of the 2010–11 season, TCWC Jakarta's area of responsibility was then extended out to include the region from the Equator to 10°S between 125°E and 141°E.
Organization
Based on Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency Regulation No. 2/2024, the BMKG consisted of:
Office of the Head of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency
Main Secretariat
Bureau of Planning
Bureau of Law, Public Relation, and Cooperation
Bureau of General Affairs and Finance
Bureau of Human Resources and Organization Affairs
Deputy I (Meteorology)
Directorate of Aviation Meteorology
Directorate of Maritime Meteorology
Directorate of Public Meteorology
Deputy II (Climatology)
Directorate of Climate Change
Directorate of Applied Climate Services
Deputy III (Geophysics)
Directorate of Earthquake and Tsunamis
Directorate of Seismologic Engineering, Potential Geophysics, and Signs
Deputy IV (Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Infrastructures)
Directorate of Instrumentation and Calibration