Georg Hartmann

Georg Hartmann (sometimes spelled Hartman; February 9, 1489 – April 9, 1564) was a German engineer, instrument maker, author, printer, humanist, priest, and astronomer. Early life and studies Hartmann was born in Eggolsheim near Forchheim, present-day Bavaria. At the age of 17, he began studying theology and mathematics at the University of Cologne. After finishing his studies, he traveled through Italy, staying in Rome for a few years, and finally settled in Nuremberg in 1518. Career After his days studying at Cologne, Hartmann went to Rome to continue his studies where he was friends with Andreas Copernicus, brother to Nicholas Copernicus. While in Nuremberg, Hartmann served as vicar of the St. Sebald church from his arrival in 1518 until 1544. He constructed astrolabes, globes, sundials, and quadrants during his time in Nuremberg. Georg Hartmann designed and manufactured many different types of instruments in his workshop. Different types of dials manufactured by Hartmann included Block dials, Declining dials, Shepherd's dials, Moon dials, Chalice dials, and Cylinder dials. Along with these dials Hartmann was known for his design and manufacture of brass Astrolabes. Hartmann kept a very detailed self-written manual in German describing how to manufacture his sundials and astrolabes which was translated into English by John Lamprey in his book "Hartmann's Practika", published in 2002. Hartmann is credited with being the first person to design refractive sundials in the Sixteenth century. Hartmann was always a tinkerer and had a deep fascination with mechanics, horology, instrumentation, and natural phenomenon. While he used this knowledge to make a living creating numerous different instruments during his life, Hartmann was a priest by vocation with several benefices which allowed by to continue his work and studies without a real need of making a living. In addition to these traditional scientific instruments Hartmann also made gunner's levels and sights. Hartmann was possibly the first to discover the inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Hartmann was a known student in the study of magnetism, with his discovery that a compass does not always point to true north. He discovered that while in Rome a compass would dip 6° off of true north. With this discovery he attempted to find the mathematical reason why this was the case, but his solution to this phenomenon was eventually found to be flawed.