Fritz Schulz

Fritz Schulz (16 June 1879 – 12 November 1957) was a German jurist and legal historian. He was one of the 20th centuries' most important scholars in the field of Roman Law. The Nazis forced him to leave Germany and to emigrate to England due to his political stance and his Jewish origins. Life Schulz was born in Bunzlau, Lower Silesia, German Empire (now Boleslawiec, Poland). Schulz' father was a Protestant. His mother came from a Jewish family. She converted to Christianity when Fritz was a small boy. Schulz grew up in his native town in Lower Silesia and studied law in Berlin and Breslau (now Wrocław) from 1899 to 1902, when he passed the First State Examination in Law. He received the grade of Doctor iuris from the University of Breslau in 1905. In the same year, Schulz obtained the habilitation at the University of Freiburg in Breisgau. In 1910, Schulz was appointed to a full professorship in Innsbruck (Austria). From Innsbruck, Schulz moved on to posts in Kiel (1912), Göttingen (1916) and Bonn (1923). During his time in Göttingen, Schulz actively supported the Deutsche Demokratische Partei, a left-of-center liberal party, which was among the staunchest supporters of the fragile democratic system in Germany. In 1931, Schulz accepted a call to the University of Berlin. At the time, a professorship in Berlin was considered the most prestigious post a legal scholar could achieve in his career. However, Schulz's brilliant academic career was brutally interrupted when it had just reached its peak. In 1934, Schulz was forcibly transferred to the University of Frankfurt am Main and then forced to retirement in 1935. In spite of this, Schulz stayed in Germany. Only in 1939 he emigrated, first to the Netherlands and then to Oxford (England). In Oxford, Schulz managed to survive due to financial support from various sources including Oxford University Press and the Rockefeller Foundation.