Emperor

Emperor is an English patience or solitaire card game which is played using two packs of playing cards. Although similar to other members of the large Napoleon at St Helena family, Emperor introduced the unique and distinguishing feature of worrying back as well as the novel term "sealed packet". Emperor is not to be confused with another patience sometimes called the Emperor of Germany. History Rules for Emperor Patience appear in the 1890 edition of Mary Whitmore Jones' series of Games of Patience, the game featuring a new procedure known as 'worrying back' as well as the novel term "sealed packet". However these early rules were vague on the use of the rubbish heap and whether sequences could be moved between tableau piles. These issues are clarified in Tarbart's account of Emperor in 1901: only single cards, not sequences, could be moved, and the top card of the rubbish heap was available for play. This early form of Emperor appears to have survived until the 1960s. From the 1930s, accounts appear that allow entire sequences to be moved and this rule has become the norm. The accounts also vary in the use of the rubbish heap or wastepile; in some cases, once the stock is used up, a reserve of three cards is allowed, which may be replenished from the talon as cards are played from it. Emperor is sometimes equated in the literature to two other members of the Napoleon at St Helena family – Rank and File or Dress Parade and Deauville – probably because they are the only ones that share the same tableau layout. However, neither has the worrying back feature. The first appeared during the First World War as Rank and File, but, in later accounts, also as Dress Parade, perhaps to distinguish it from an earlier unrelated game also called Rank and File. Like modern Emperor, but unlike most games of the family, sequences could be moved from pile to pile. In 1939, rules for the second relative, Deauville, were published in which only single cards could be moved.