Calatayud or de Calatayud is a surname of Spanish origin. Notable people with the surname include:
Alejo Calatayud (c. 1705–1731), Mestizo silversmith and rebel leader
Alexis Calatayud (fl. 2018–present), American politician
Bartolomé Calatayud (1882–1973), Spanish guitar composer
Cala (footballer, born 1990) (full name Sergio Calatayud Lebrón), Spanish footballer
Celedonio Calatayud (1880–1931), Spanish scientist and radiologist
Juan Calatayud (born 1979), Spanish footballer
Martín de Calatayud (1501–1548), Spanish Roman Catholic bishop
Pedro de Calatayud (1689–1773), Spanish Jesuit missionary
Santiago Calatayud (died 1526), Roman Catholic bishop
Zulia Calatayud (born 1979), Cuban runner