Armand-Jean du Plessis, duc de Richelieu

Armand Jean du Plessis, 1st Duke of Richelieu (; 9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642), known as Cardinal Richelieu, was a French statesman and clergyman. He became known as l'Éminence rouge, or "the Red Eminence", a term derived from the title "Eminence" applied to cardinals and from the red robes that they customarily wear.