Overview
A cycling power meter is a device on a bicycle that measures the power output of the rider.
Most cycling power meters use strain gauges to measure torque applied, and when combined with angular velocity, calculate power.
The technology was adapted to cycling in the late 1980s and was tested in professional bicycle racing i.e.: the prototype Power Pacer (Team Strawberry) and by Greg LeMond with the SRM device. This type of power meter has been commercially available since 1989. Training using a power meter is increasingly popular.
Power meters generally transmit data wirelessly and can be paired to a bike computer, smartphone, or smartwatch.
By providing instantaneous feedback to the athlete, and by allowing more precise analysis of rides, power meters can be a useful tool for training.
Interfaces
Older cycling power meters use a set of wires to transmit power information to a computer mounted on the bicycle; this system has a serious disadvantage of having fine electrical cables being run all over the bicycle, making it harder to clean as well as using a fair number of fasteners to hold them up.
However, since 2009 there is a general trend to move towards wireless systems.
Power meters generally transmit data over ANT+ or Bluetooth Low Energy protocols and can be paired to standard bike computers that display information about the power output generated by the rider.
From Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).