1881 in Ireland

Events from the year 1881 in Ireland. Events 16 January – the lowest temperature ever recorded in Ireland, −19.1C (−2.4F) at Markree, County Sligo. 3 February – arrest of Michael Davitt. William Ewart Gladstone's second Land Act secures the three "f"s (fair rents, fixity of tenure and freedom of sale), and gives the courts the authority to reconsider judicial rents every three years and to adjust them in line with shifts in agricultural prices. June – the submarine "Fenian Ram" (Holland Boat No. II), designed by Irish-born John Philip Holland and financed by the American Fenian Brotherhood, is first submersion-tested in New York City. Coercion Acts. October – arrest of Charles Stewart Parnell and other leaders. 18 October – No Rent Manifesto. 19 October – Irish National Land League proclaimed as an unlawful association. Kilmacud Monastery established by Carmelite nuns. Approximate date – St John Ambulance Ireland establishes its first centre, in Dublin. Arts and literature Sport