ice crystal

Ice crystals are solid ice in symmetrical shapes including hexagonal columns, hexagonal plates, and dendritic crystals. Ice crystals are responsible for various atmospheric optic displays and cloud formations. Formation  At ambient temperature and pressure, water molecules have a V shape. The two hydrogen atoms bond to the oxygen atom at a 105° angle. Ice crystals have a hexagonal crystal lattice, meaning the water molecules arrange themselves into layered hexagons upon freezing. Slower crystal growth from colder and drier atmospheres produces more hexagonal symmetry. Depending on environmental temperature and humidity, ice crystals can develop from the initial hexagonal prism into many symmetric shapes. Possible shapes for ice crystals are columns, needles, plates and dendrites. Mixed patterns are also possible. The symmetric shapes are due to depositional growth, which is when ice forms directly from water vapor in the atmosphere. Small spaces in atmospheric particles can also collect water, freeze, and form ice crystals. This is known as nucleation. Snowflakes form when additional vapor freezes onto an existing ice crystal.