Protests spread as Israel debates ultra-Orthodox draft exemptions

Israel’s ultra-Orthodox Haredim are expanding in numbers and political influence, intensifying debates over military service exemptions and the role of Torah study in national life as protests surge over draft changes and ultra-Orthodox parties loom as kingmakers in upcoming elections. The community’s growing visibility and distinct religious practices are fueling clashes with secular and religious Israelis alike, even as some families stress the defense needs of the country in wartime and others prioritize continued religious study. Amid these dynamics, the debate encompasses willingness of some ultra-Orthodox individuals to serve in the military, while others remain steadfast in full-time Torah study and community-centered life. Separately, Israel’s Air Force is highlighted as a crucial, yet sometimes distant, force that extends the country’s reach and underpins its defense strategy. Public opinion polls suggest the Jewish Israeli public broadly supports security policies and wars, though satisfaction with war outcomes remains mixed and attitudes show nuance across political groups. Taken together, demographic growth, religious observance, and broad political backing shape a complex security and political landscape as Israel faces ongoing conflicts and elections.