Guinea-Bissau votes in referendum to expand presidential powers

Guinea-Bissau is voting in a referendum to switch from a semi-presidential system to a stronger presidential framework ahead of December elections aimed at restoring civilian rule. The military junta that seized power last November says the changes will stabilize institutions and reduce conflicts between the presidency, the prime minister, and parliament. Opponents warn that granting the president power to appoint and dismiss the prime minister and ministers, chair the Council of Ministers, and reshape parliament could undermine checks and balances and legitimacy of the drafting process. The reform would also shrink parliament from 102 to 65 seats and reduce electoral constituencies, with a new Constitutional Court and stricter requirements for presidential candidates. Critics and some opposition groups have urged boycotts or raised concerns about the pace and transparency of the process amid a history of coups. The referendum follows a pattern of political instability in the country, with December’s elections expected to determine if civilian rule can be restored.