pseudocardinal

Pseudocardinals, quasi-cardinals or anticardinals were the uncanonical Cardinals created by six of the Antipopes, in or rival to Rome, including two of Avignon Papacy and one of Pisa, as princes of their schismatic government of the Catholic Church. Status Their state, like the state of the antipopes and the anti-bishops these appointed/created, is disputed. Many pseudocardinals were created during the controversy between the Holy See and the Holy Roman Empire during the Western Schism, and some of the cardinals switched their obedience. The legitimacy of the Popes of the different obediences during the Western Schism was not a clear matter for their contemporaries. The terms antipope, pseudocardinal and anticardinal were not used at that time, but they are now used by some modern Roman Catholic historians. Creations by Antipopes The following Antipopes created pseudo-cardinals (with status and age at time of creation in parentheses when available) : In Rome Antipope Anacletus II (1130–1138) - 3 consistories, 8 pseudocardinals Consistory of 1130.03.29 (3) Germano, Cardinal-Deacon Gregorio Otone, Cardinal-Deacon Pietro, O.S.B. Cas., Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1131 Donato, Cardinal-Priest Anselmo, Cardinal-Priest Rainaldo, Cardinal-Deacon Matteo, Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1135.03.31 : only Benedetto, O.S.B. Cas., Cardinal-Priest