Così fan tutte

Background

The album omits some of Mozart's recitative, and also cuts two numbers in their entirety: No. 7, the duettino "Al fato dan legge" for Ferrando and Guglielmo, and No. 24, the aria "Ah lo veggio" for Ferrando.

Recording

The album was recorded using analogue technology in May 1977 in the Palais de la Musique et des Congrès, Strasbourg.

Cover art

The cover of the first CD version of the album, designed by Mister Brown, features a detail of J. Pillement's painting "Les jardins de Benfica" (1785), a work in the collection of the Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris.

Critical reception

The musicologist Stanley Sadie reviewed the album on LP in Gramophone in May 1978. Comparing it with rival recordings conducted by Herbert von Karajan and Karl Böhm, he acknowledged that these classic readings offered singing of a "subtlety and poise" that Alain Lombard's version could not equal. On the other hand, the new album's students at Don Alfonso's school for lovers came to their classroom with "youthful timbre[s] and natural high spirits" that were nicely appropriate to their roles. As Fiordiligi, Kiri Te Kanawa was "magnificent", singing "in her best, creamiest voice". Aristocratic in "Come scoglio" and meditatively introspective in "Per pietà", she infused her role with tenderness and feminity. Her only fault was that she sometimes sang slightly flat. Frederica von Stade's Dorabella was "hardly less distinguished, with ample, broad phrasing, much well shaped detail in 'Smanie implacibili' and a graceful and spirited account of 'E' amore un ladroncello'." David Rendall, although sharing Te Kanawa's tendency to sing below the note, offered a Ferrando with the requisite honey for "Un' aura amorosa" and the requisite fire for "Tradito, schernito". Philippe Huttenlocher gave a "very polished performance" as Guglielmo, acting the part convincingly, using his words intelligently and bringing a laudable legato to "Non siate ritrosi". Jules Bastin's Alfonso was sung forcefully but without much expressiveness, a charge that could not be levelled at Teresa Stratas. Her Despina was vivid and extremely musical, but it was "a pity that she felt the need to squeak and squawk so grotesquely in her impersonations of a doctor and a notary". The chief failings of the album, though, had nothing to do with any of its soloists. The orchestral playing suffered from "a lack of finesse", and the conducting from a dearth of dramatic conviction and "a general lack of sparkle". Sadie did not take exception to Lombard's bias towards slow tempi, but he was disappointed that the album evinced no care over appoggiaturas. (A further instance of negligence was the clipping of bar 49 of "Come scoglio" by a clumsy editor.) Overall, the album was a good one, but not good enough to compete with the best of its many illustrious predecessors,

J. B. Steane reviewed the album on LP in Gramophone in July 1978. He was sad that it was one of those opera recordings in which excellence was betrayed by the mediocrity surrounding it. The excellence in question was provided by the two ladies from Ferrara. Kiri Te Kanawa sang Fiordiligi with an acute sensitivity to her music's meaning, her voice "at its most beautiful, warm and well-rounded". As Dorabella, Frederica von Stade was Te Kanawa's perfect foil, her timbre complementing the soprano's so well that their voices blended in their duets in a way that could hardly be bettered. But Teresa Stratas, although a vivid Despina, sang with a tone that gave little pleasure. As Guglielmo, Philippe Huttenlocher was "inelegant". As Ferrando, David Rendall sang with a piano tone that lacked focus and a forte that sounded muffled. And worst of all, Alain Lombard seemed unable to distinguish between passages where a slow tempo was heavenly and others where it was laughable. "Instead of placing the partnership of Te Kanawa and von Stade in the place where it belongs, classic in freshness, beauty and character", the album's flaws had in Steane's view consigned it to the margins of the Così fan tutte discography. "You do not wear a diamond in a leaden ring."

Track listing, CD1

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

Così fan tutte ossia La scuola degli amanti, drama giocoso in due atti, K. 588 (Vienna, 1790), libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte

1 (4:35) Ouvertura

Act One

Scene 1

2 (1:58) No.1 Terzetto: "La mia Dorabella capace non è" (Ferrando, Alfonso, Guglielmo)

3 (1:09) Recitativo: "Fuor la spada" (Ferrando, Alfonso, Guglielmo)

4 (1:17) No. 2 Terzetto: "E la fede delle femmine" (Ferrando, Alfonso, Guglielmo)

5 (1:25) Recitativo: "Scioccherie di poeti" (Ferrando, Alfonso, Guglielmo)

6 (2:17) No. 3 Terzetto: "Una bella serenata" (Ferrando, Alfonso, Guglielmo)

Scene 2

7 (5:02) No. 4 Duetto: "Ah, guarda, sorella" (Fiordiligi, Dorabella)

8 (1:16) Recitativo: "Mi par che stamattina volentieri" (Fiordiligi, Dorabella, Alfonso)

Scene 3

9 (0:41) No. 5 Aria: "Vorrei dir, e cor non ho" (Alfonso)

10 (1:04) Recitativo: "Stelle! Per carità, signor Alfonso" (Fiordiligi, Dorabella, Alfonso)

Scene 4

Track listing, CD2

Act One, continued

Scene 11, continued

1 (1:04) Recitativo: "Ah non partite!" (Ferrando, Guglielmo, Alfonso, Dorabella, Fiordiligi)

2 (1:51) No. 15 Aria: "Non siate ritrosi" (Guglielmo)

Scene 12

3 (0:54) No. 16 Terzetto: "E voi ridete?" (Ferrando, Guglielmo, Alfonso)

4 (1:05) Recitativo: "Si può sapere un poco" (Alfonso, Guglielmo, Ferrando)

5 (5:05) No. 17 Aria: "Un' aura amorosa" (Ferrando)

Scenes 14, 15 and 16

6 (20:05) No. 18 Finale: "Ah, che tutta in un momento" (Fiordiligi, Dorabella, Ferrando, Alfonso, Guglielmo, Despina)

Act Two

Scene 1

7 (1:43) Recitativo: "Andate là, che siete" (Despina, Fiordiligi, Dorabella)

8 (3:01) No. 19 Aria: "Una donna a quindici anni" (Despina)

Scene 2

9 (1:43) Recitativo: "Sorella, cosa dici?" (Fiordiligi, Dorabella)

10 (3:13) No. 20 Duetto: "Prenderò quel brunettino" (Fiordiligi, Dorabella)

Scene 3

11 (0:22) Recitativo: "Ah, correte al giardino" (Alfonso, Despina)

Track listing, CD3

Act Two, continued

Scene 6

1 (1:41) Recitativo: "Barbara! Perché fuggi?" (Ferrando, Fiordiligi)

Scene 7

2 (1:48) Recitativo: "Ei parte..." (Fiordiligi)

3 (8:03) No. 25 Rondo: "Per pietà, ben mio" (Fiordiligi)

Scene 8

4 (2:54) Recitativo: "Amico, abbiamo vinto!" (Ferrando)

5 (3:13) No. 26 Aria: "Donne mie, la fate e tanti" (Guglielmo)

Scene 9

6 (1:23) Recitativo: "In qual fiero contrasto" (Ferrando)

7 (2:07) No. 27 Cavatina: "Tradito, schernito" (Ferrando)

8 (1:27) Recitativo: "Bravo, questa è costanza" (Alfonso, Ferrando, Guglielmo)

Scene 10

9 (1:29) Recitativo: "Ora vedo che siete" (Despina, Dorabella, Fiordiligi)

10 (3:38) No. 28 Aria: "E' amore un ladroncello" (Dorabella)

Scene 11

11 (1:48) Recitativo: "Comme tutto congiura" (Fiordiligi, Guglielmo, Despina, Alfonso)

Scene 12

Recitativo: "L'abito di Ferrando" (Fiordiligi, Despina, Guglielmo)

Personnel

Musical

Kiri Te Kanawa (soprano), Fiordiligi, a lady of Ferrara, sister of Dorabella

Frederica von Stade (mezzo-soprano), Dorabella, a lady of Ferrara, sister of Fiordiligi

Teresa Stratas (soprano), Despina, maidservant of Fiordiligi and Dorabella

Philippe Huttenlocher (baritone), Guglielmo, an army officer, in love with Fiordiligi

David Rendall (tenor), Ferrando, an army officer, in love with Dorabella

Jules Bastin (bass), Don Alfonso, an elderly philosopher

Luciano Sgrizzi, harpsichord continuo

Choeurs de l'Opéra du Rhin (chorus master: Gunter Wagner)

Strasbourg Philharmonic Orchestra

Alain Lombard, conductor

Other

Michel Garcin, producer

Pierre Lavoix, balance engineer

Françoise Garcin, editor

Charles Schwarz, assistant

Monique Mathon, musical assistant

Release history

In 1978, Erato released the album in Europe as a set of three LPs (catalogue number STU 71110) with literature providing notes, texts, translations and several photographs taken during the recording process. Also in 1978, RCA (under licence from Erato) released the album in the USA on both LP (catalogue number FRL3-2629) and cassette (catalogue number FRK3-2629), the LPs again being accompanied by notes, texts and translations.

In 1991, Erato issued the album on CD (catalogue number 2292-45683-2) in their "Libretto" series, packaged in a slipcase with a 264-page booklet providing an essay about the opera by André Tubeuf in English, French and German and the libretto of the opera in English, French, German and Italian. The booklet's only illustration was a photograph of Lombard by Jacques Sarrat. In 2010, Erato reissued the album on CD in revised packaging in their "Erato Opera Collection" series.