The Conservatorio Giovanni Battista Martini (previously known as the Liceo Musicale di Bologna, and better known in English as the Bologna Conservatory) is a college of music in Bologna, Italy. The conservatory opened on 3 December 1804, as the Liceo Musicale di Bologna. It was initially housed in the convent at the Basilica of San Giacomo Maggiore. The first faculty at the school included the composers Stanislao Mattei and Giovanni Callisto Zanotti, and the composer and singer Lorenzo Gibelli. Gioachino Rossini was a pupil at the school beginning in 1806, and was appointed head of the school in 1839. Later directors of the school included Luigi Mancinelli (1881–1886), Giuseppe Martucci (1886–1902), Marco Enrico Bossi (1902–1911), and Cesare Nordio (1925–1945).
In 1945, the conservatory became a state conservatory, and it was rebranded as the Conservatorio Giovanni Battista Martini, after musician and composer Giovanni Battista Martini. Directors of the conservatory from this point on include Guido Guerrini, Lino Liviabella, Adone Zecchi, Giordano Noferini, Lidia Proietti, Carmine Carrisi, and Donatella Pieri.