The Central and Western District (Chinese: 中西區; Cantonese Yale: Jūngsāi Kēui, Jyutping: zung1 sai1 keoi1) is one of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong, located on the northwestern part of Hong Kong Island. It had a population of 243,266 in 2016. The district has the most educated residents with the second highest income, and the third lowest population due to its relatively small size.
Central is the central business district and the core urban area of Hong Kong. Western District covers Shek Tong Tsui, Kennedy Town, Sai Ying Pun, parts of Lung Fu Shan. Most of the districts lie within the statutory limits of the City of Victoria, the earliest urban settlement in colonial Hong Kong, except the far western end of the district, i.e. Victoria Road, Mount Davis and areas above the 700-feet contour, aka. the Peak.
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History
Central District, as Victoria City, was the first area of planned urban development in Hong Kong during the colonial era. The British held a land sale in June 1841, six months after the flag was raised at Possession Point. A total of 51 lots of land were sold to 23 merchant houses to build offices and warehouses. The property buyers included Dent's, Jardine's, Russell's and Olyphant's. At the time, the two roads Albany Nullah (now Garden Road) and Glenealy Nullah (now Glenealy) were mainly used by the British. The streets later became known as Government Hill.
In 1857, the British government expanded Victoria City and divided it into seven districts. Those located in present-day Central and Western are: Sai Ying Pun, Sheung Wan, Tai Ping Shan, Central. The area was essentially a European area until 1860 when Chinese merchants begin buying up European properties around Cochrane, Wellington and Pottinger Streets. The Central district was the principal European business district, hence the arrival of the first major bank HSBC. The Western district was the commercial centre for Chinese businesses. When property values in the district rose, a meeting was held in February 1866 to establish a "District Watch Force" to police and protect this specific area.
In 1880, Shek Tong Tsui was established, followed by Kennedy Town in the early 20th century. By the 1890s the majority of Hong Kong's population was concentrated in the district with about 200,000 residents, mostly in Victoria City.
Politics
District councils in Hong Kong are primarily consultative bodies of the HKSAR government with very limited powers, primarily restricted to building and maintaining parks, open areas, recreational and cultural activities and tourist promotion. The corresponding body for the district is Central and Western District Council.
District council elections are held every four years; the last one was held on 10 December 2023, for terms beginning 1 January 2024. The district was divided into two constituencies, each returning two members. Before 2023 the district comprised 15 single-member constituencies. The constituency areas were smaller than the commonly used geographic areas, which are in turn based on the old 1857 and 1880 divisions.
Demographics
In Hong Kong's 2011 Census the district population was 251,519, down four percent from 261,884 in the 2001 census, and with an average of 2.7 people for each of the 89,529 households. Among the 18 districts, Central and Western has the second highest median household income in the territory (behind only Wan Chai District). In terms of average size of households, it is third smallest at 2.8 persons, behind only Wan Chai and Yau Tsim Mong District, at 2.7 each.
In 2021 census, the district population was slightly reduced to 235,953 .It has a relatively ethnically diverse population. As of 2021, 77% of the district's residents are Chinese, and the largest ethnic groups are Filipinos (7.6%) and white people (5.8%). 72% of the district's residents speak Cantonese as their primary language, while 14% use English and 3% use Mandarin.
Geography and political subdivisions
The district is located at 22°17′00″N 114°09′00″E, based on the location of the General Post Office in Central. With an area of 12.4 km2 (4.8 sq mi), the district occupies the northwestern portion of Hong Kong Island. It is surrounded by Wan Chai District on the east, Southern District on the south, and Victoria Harbour in the north. The district also encompasses Green Island and Little Green Island, two uninhabited islands to the west of Hong Kong Island.
Areas from west to east along Victoria Harbour are: Kennedy Town, Sai Ying Pun, Sheung Wan, Central, Admiralty and other localities.
Central
Central is the business centre of Hong Kong, and many multinational financial services corporations have their headquarters there. Government Hill, the site of the government headquarters, is also in Central.
Central mid-levels escalator
The Central-Mid-Levels escalator in Hong Kong is the longest outdoor covered escalator system in the world. The system is 800 metres (2,600 ft) long, connecting Des Voeux Road Central, in Central with Conduit Road in the Mid-Levels, passing through narrow streets in SoHo.
The escalator runs downhill from 6 am to 10 am and uphill from 10:20 am to 12:00 am (midnight) every day. Apart from its significance in transport linkage, it is also a tourist attraction, with many restaurants, bars, and shops lining its route.
Bank of China Tower
The Bank of China Tower in Central houses the headquarters of BOCHK. Designed by I. M. Pei, the 70-storey building's height is 315 metres (1,033 ft) with two masts reaching 369 metres (1,211 ft). Construction began in 1985 and the building was completed in 1989. It was the first building outside the United States to exceed 1,000 feet (305 m) and to exceed 300 metres (984 ft). It was the tallest building in Hong Kong and Asia from 1989 to 1992, when the nearby, taller Central Plaza was completed.
City Hall
Built in 1962, the City Hall complex housed the old central library of Hong Kong, as well as concert halls, restaurants and a marriage registry. The conference room of the former Urban Council was also at the lower building of the City Hall.
The garden at the north-western side of the complex includes a memorial to those killed in Hong Kong during World War II.
Chinese People's Liberation Army Forces Hong Kong Building
The funnel-shaped Chinese People's Liberation Army Forces Hong Kong Building (formerly, and still commonly known as the Prince of Wales Building) housed the headquarters of the British garrison in Hong Kong until the territory's handover to the People's Republic of China on 30 June 1997. It now houses the local garrison of the People's Liberation Army and is formally known as Central Barracks, in line with PLA convention for naming barracks after the name of the locality.
Other landmarks
Alexandra House
Cenotaph, Hong Kong
Bank of America Tower (Hong Kong)
Central Harbourfront
Central Government Complex (Hong Kong)
Central Market
Chater Garden
Chater House
Cheung Kong Center
Chinese People's Liberation Army Forces Hong Kong Building
CITIC Tower
Court of Final Appeal Building
Consulate General of the United Kingdom, Hong Kong
Consulate General of the United States, Hong Kong and Macau
Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum
Edinburgh Place, Hong Kong – including Queen's Pier and the Star Ferry pier
Exchange Square
Edinburgh Tower
Fringe Club
Hang Seng Bank Headquarters Building
Harcourt Garden
Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens
Hong Kong Club
Hong Kong Maritime Museum
Admiralty
Queensway
Mid-Levels
Government House
Sai Ying Pun
Sai Ying Pun Community Complex
Sheung Wan
The Center
Education
Secondary schools
Arranged by alphabetical order of their full names in each category.
Government-administered schools:
King's College
Aided schools:
Lok Sin Tong Leung Kau Kui College
Raimondi College
St. Clare's Girls' School
St. Joseph's College
St. Louis School
St. Stephen's Church College
St. Stephen's Girls' College
Ying Wa Girls' School
Schools under Direct Subsidy Scheme (DSS) and grant schools:
St. Paul's Co-educational College
St. Paul's College
International schools:
German Swiss International School
Island School [1] (under funding of English Schools Foundation, subsidised by government)
Tertiary institutions
The University of Hong Kong
Caritas Institute of Higher Education
Public libraries
Hong Kong Public Libraries operates three libraries in the district: City Hall Public Library, Shek Tong Tsui Public Library, and Smithfield Public Library.
Transport
Link
Route 3 (Hong Kong)
Route 4 (Hong Kong)
Major roads that serves the area include:
Harcourt Road
Connaught Road Central, Connaught Road West
Queensway, Queen's Road Central, Queen's Road West
Des Voeux Road Central, Des Voeux Road West
Hill Road Flyover
Caine Road
Robinson Road
Park Road
Bonham Road
Western Harbour Crossing
Public transport
Public transport includes Hong Kong Tramways, the Peak Tram and the MTR.
MTR lines include:
Island line: Sheung Wan station, Central station, Admiralty station, Sai Ying Pun, HKU, Kennedy Town
Tsuen Wan line: Central station, Admiralty station
Tung Chung line: Hong Kong station
Airport Express: Hong Kong station
South Island line: Admiralty station
East Rail line: Admiralty station