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<title>Federal Register, Volume 91 Issue 121 (Thursday, June 25, 2026)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 91, Number 121 (Thursday, June 25, 2026)]
[Presidential Documents]
[Pages 38487-38491]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2026-12910]
Presidential Documents
Federal Register / Vol. 91 , No. 121 / Thursday, June 25, 2026 /
Presidential Documents
[[Page 38487]]
Executive Order 14413 of June 22, 2026
Ushering in the Next Frontier of Quantum
Innovation
By the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States of
America, it is hereby ordered:
Section 1. Purpose. America stands at the cusp of a
quantum revolution. Quantum information science and
technology (QIST) will provide transformational
capabilities that will drive American innovation, power
economic growth, generate high-paying jobs, and bolster
national security. In 2018, I laid the foundation for
United States leadership in QIST by signing into law
the National Quantum Initiative Act and doubling
Federal investment in QIST research and development.
Today, as other nations move quickly to challenge
American leadership, the United States must take a
cohesive, whole-of-government approach to accelerate
deployment and commercialization of quantum computing,
sensing, and networking.
In addition to continuing trailblazing quantum
research, we must act to solidify the Nation's position
as the world's QIST superpower and deliver the
commercial and research benefits of quantum innovation
to the American people. Equally important, we must
protect sensitive technologies and work with allies to
ensure adversaries cannot use QIST to undermine
national security.
Sec. 2. Policy. It is the policy of my Administration
to ensure that the United States maintains a strategic
technical advantage in QIST and leads the development
of a robust and trusted quantum ecosystem across QIST
research, manufacturing, commercialization, and
application.
Sec. 3. Updating the National Quantum Strategy. (a)
Within 180 days of the date of this order, the
Assistant to the President for Science and Technology
(APST), in coordination with the Secretary of War, the
Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the
Director of National Intelligence (DNI), and the
Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF), and
in consultation with the Co-Chairs of the National
Science and Technology Council Subcommittees on Quantum
Information Science (SCQIS) and Economic and Security
Implications of Quantum Information Science (ESIX),
shall update the National Quantum Strategy (Strategy)
with policies intended to support the maturing QIST
ecosystem, including promoting commercialization and
deployment of QIST, supporting the quantum-enabling
technology ecosystem, and encouraging partnerships with
United States industry.
(b) Within 30 days of the date of the publication
of the updated Strategy, relevant executive departments
and agencies (agencies) shall each submit to the APST
and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) a summary of steps taken to align their
processes, policies, and programs with the Strategy.
Sec. 4. Harnessing Quantum Computing for Scientific
Applications. (a) There is hereby established the
Quantum Computer for Application Development and
Discovery Science (QC-ADDS) Effort, which shall be
coordinated by the APST. This national effort shall
pursue development of a quantum computer at a scale
intended to initiate the era of quantum-enabled
scientific discovery, with the intent to deliver at
least one such computer to a Department of Energy
facility and, to the extent possible, make it available
to the scientific community.
(b) The Secretary of War, the Secretary of
Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the DNI, the
Director of NSF, and the heads of other relevant
[[Page 38488]]
agencies as appropriate, in consultation with the
Director of OMB, shall ensure that relevant
capabilities, manufacturing infrastructure, and
expertise are made available to support the QC-ADDS
Effort to the extent practicable, and shall deploy
these resources towards exploration of quantum-
computer-enabled capabilities for commercial,
government, and national security applications.
Additionally, the APST shall coordinate with the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), the Director of the National
Security Agency (NSA), and the heads of other relevant
agencies to identify additional actions to enhance the
QC-ADDS Effort.
(c) Within 90 days of the date of this order, the
Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the APST and
the heads of other relevant agencies, shall identify
the technical specifications required for a QC-ADDS to
perform transformative scientific applications that are
on a path towards economically significant applications
and beyond current classical computer capabilities, and
shall publicly release a summary of those
specifications, as appropriate.
(d) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the
Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Director
of OMB, shall explore potential private-sector
partnership models to understand the potential cost,
scope, and time frame for delivery of at least one QC-
ADDS as described in subsection (a) of this section.
Further, the Secretary of Commerce shall develop a
plan, potentially including advance market commitments,
to encourage contributions to the QC-ADDS Effort from
commercial quantum computing companies. Finally, the
Secretary of War shall establish or designate
activities and programs to develop the tools and
capabilities necessary to advance readiness for
national security applications of quantum computing,
potentially including the establishment of a center for
such purpose.
(e) To provide for the robust assessment of the QC-
ADDS' and other quantum computing systems'
capabilities, within 180 days of the date of this
order:
(i) the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of War and
the Secretary of Commerce, shall establish a national center to develop the
tools and capabilities required to accurately assess the performance of
quantum computing systems; and
(ii) the Co-Chairs of the ESIX Subcommittee shall recommend to the APST a
mechanism to facilitate information-sharing between relevant agencies to
improve the Government's ability to assess commercial quantum computing
capabilities.
(f) The DNI and the Secretary of War, in
coordination with the Co-Chairs of the ESIX
Subcommittee and in consultation with the Secretary of
State, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of
Energy, shall identify the national security
implications of the increasing scale and performance of
commercial quantum computers, such as the implications
for the migration to post-quantum cryptography.
Sec. 5. Deploying Quantum-Enabled Sensors and Networks.
(a) Within 60 days of the date of this order, the
Secretary of War shall identify at least three next-
generation quantum sensor projects to prioritize in
order to field these sensors by September 30, 2028.
(b) Each of the following heads of relevant
agencies shall develop a 5-year plan for advancing
quantum sensing and networking as follows:
(i) the Secretary of Commerce shall develop a plan for advancing commercial
readiness of quantum sensing, quantum-sensor manufacturing technology, and
quantum-network-enhanced timing;
(ii) the Secretary of Energy shall develop a plan for using quantum sensing
and imaging to measure and characterize complex systems, and for using
quantum networking to enable distributed quantum computing;
(iii) the Director of NSF shall develop a plan for basic science research
to identify applications of quantum sensing and networking, develop novel
systems-level concepts, and improve QIST manufacturing science; and
[[Page 38489]]
(iv) the Administrator of NASA shall develop a plan for developing and
extending civilian quantum sensing and networking for space applications.
(c) The heads of relevant agencies shall prioritize
research, development, testing, and evaluation of
applications and hardware for quantum sensing and
quantum networking.
Sec. 6. Bolstering the Domestic Ecosystem for Quantum
Supply Chains. (a) The Secretary of Commerce, in
consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the heads
of other relevant agencies, shall develop a plan to
strengthen the QIST ecosystem through analyzing QIST
supply chains, encouraging private sector adoption of
QIST-related standards, and supporting research and
development pathways that advance quantum-enabling
technologies and eliminate QIST manufacturing barriers.
(b) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the
Secretary of War, the Secretary of Commerce, the
Secretary of Energy, and the Director of NSF shall
develop a plan, with coordination from the APST and the
Director of OMB, to encourage and partner with the
private sector, potentially using prize challenges or
advance market commitments, to develop quantum-enabling
component technologies in the United States, and to
identify any changes to statutory or regulatory
authorities required to address quantum-specific market
hurdles.
(c) All relevant agencies shall take steps to
share, to the maximum extent possible, information
regarding quantum computing supply chains, such as that
generated by the Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency Quantum Benchmarking Initiative, with the
Departments of War, Commerce, and Energy and with the
APST and the Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs (APNSA), to inform Government-wide
decision making.
(d) Within 180 days of the date of this order:
(i) the Secretary of War, in consultation with the heads of relevant
agencies, shall take steps to increase domestic access to Department of
War-sponsored QIST-relevant foundry resources, and strengthen efforts, as
appropriate, to improve access to critical QIST supply chains; and
(ii) the Director of NSF shall take steps to issue grants for establishing
QIST user facilities through the National Quantum and Nanotechnology
Infrastructure program.
(e) Within 210 days of the date of this order, to
support the reconstitution of the National Quantum
Initiative Advisory Committee (NQIAC), as provided in
section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act of
2018, as amended, and pursuant to Executive Order 14073
of May 4, 2022 (Enhancing the National Quantum
Initiative Advisory Committee), the APST shall
recommend a revised NQIAC membership list and shall
task the NQIAC to develop recommendations for
stimulating the development of quantum-enabling
technologies in the United States.
Sec. 7. Protecting Quantum Technology. (a) The APST and
the APNSA, in consultation with the Co-Chairs of the
ESIX Subcommittee, shall coordinate with the relevant
agencies to ensure that QIST activities and policies
maintain robust and balanced security controls to
safeguard critical information and protect national
security interests, while not unduly impacting quantum
innovation in the United States.
(b) The Director of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, in coordination with the Secretary of
State, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of Commerce,
the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland
Security, the DNI, and the Director of the NSA, shall
propose to the APST, the APNSA, and the Director of OMB
staffing requirements to expand the Quantum Information
Science and Technology Counterintelligence Protection
Team (QCPT) to improve and coordinate protections
against adversarial threats to the QIST ecosystem,
including cybersecurity threats, coordinate public
messaging and outreach related to those threats, and
enhance sharing of threat information with Federal,
industry, and academic QIST research and development
entities. Relevant agencies shall coordinate and
deconflict with the QCPT
[[Page 38490]]
on all outreach to QIST industry and academia related
to quantum-specific security guidance and threat
information.
Sec. 8. Expanding and Retaining the Quantum Workforce.
(a) Within 90 days of the date of this order, the
Director of the Office of Personnel Management, in
consultation with the APST and the Director of OMB and
in coordination with the Secretary of War, the
Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the
DNI, and the Director of NSF, shall develop a
Government-wide QIST recruitment and retention
strategy, potentially including special pay rates and
increased limits for recruitment and retention
incentives. This strategy should complement existing
efforts to build a strong national security quantum-
workforce.
(b) Within 120 days of the date of this order:
(i) the Secretary of Labor shall ensure that QIST-relevant industry needs
are prioritized in workforce training efforts related to Executive Order
14278 of April 23, 2025 (Preparing Americans for High-Paying Skilled Trade
Jobs of the Future), and the implementation of America's Talent Strategy
where possible, including related to the expansion of registered
apprenticeships for relevant occupations; and
(ii) the Secretary of Labor and the Director of NSF, in coordination with
the Co-Chairs of the SCQIS Subcommittee, shall develop an approach to
tracking labor statistics for assessing the needs of the United States
quantum ecosystem, including developing a definition for ``QIST-relevant
occupations'', and associated skills and credentials.
(c) Within 180 days of the date of this order:
(i) the APST shall engage with United States industry and academic
institutions to promote the expansion of post-secondary training
opportunities for supporting skillsets that will lead Americans into
rewarding QIST industry jobs, such as by prioritizing hands-on training
with QIST systems or concepts; and
(ii) the Director of NSF shall take steps to initiate a network of National
QIST Workforce Development Institutes to enhance QIST training
opportunities and coordinate training efforts across Federal, State, and
local agencies.
Sec. 9. Engaging with International Partners. (a) The
Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce, in
coordination with other relevant agencies as
appropriate, shall align their respective international
engagements in ways designed to:
(i) ensure that United States quantum and quantum-enabling technology
companies have access to strategic markets and capital from like-minded
countries;
(ii) maintain an international ecosystem of quantum-enabling technology
companies with access to trusted supply chains, through, for example,
harmonizing investment restrictions with international allies and partners;
(iii) prevent countries of concern from acquiring critical quantum-enabling
technologies, through, for example, harmonizing research security and
export control policies with international allies and partners;
(iv) promote and enhance research and development collaboration and the
flow of people and ideas across like-minded countries in support of the
interests of the United States quantum industry; and
(v) develop, promote, and coordinate effective quantum research and
technology protection efforts with like-minded countries.
(b) The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with
the United States Trade Representative, shall identify
and provide recommendations to the President, through
the APST, to address foreign trade barriers,
discriminatory treatment, and other policies that limit
the competitiveness of American QIST companies.
(c) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the
Secretary of State shall provide recommendations to the
APNSA and the APST on how to
[[Page 38491]]
align existing bilateral and multilateral international
engagements, including Pax Silica, to advance the
priorities of this order.
Sec. 10. Reports. (a) Reports shall be submitted to the
President, through the APST and the Director of OMB,
regarding the actions directed in:
(i) section 6(a) of this order within 90 days of the date of this order;
and
(ii) section 5(b) of this order within 120 days of the date of this order.
(b) Reports shall be submitted to the President,
through the APST and the APNSA, regarding the actions
directed in:
(i) section 7(b) of this order within 60 days of the date of this order;
and
(ii) section 9(a) of this order within 180 days of the date of this order.
(c) Reports shall be submitted to the President,
through the APST, the APNSA, and the National Cyber
Director, regarding the actions directed in section
4(f) of this order within 1 year of the date of this
order, and annually thereafter.
Sec. 11. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order
shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or
the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget
relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with
applicable law and subject to the availability of
appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not,
create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural,
enforceable at law or in equity by any party against
the United States, its departments, agencies, or
entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any
other person.
(d) The costs for publication of this order shall
be borne by the Department of Energy.
<GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT>
(Presidential Sig.)
THE WHITE HOUSE,
June 22, 2026.
[FR Doc. 2026-12910
Filed 6-24-26; 11:15 am]
Billing code 6450-01-P
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