The U.S. Department of Justice has broadened its efforts to challenge in-state tuition and state financial aid for undocumented students, arguing such benefits violate federal law and give noncitizens advantages over U.S. citizens. Colorado has been the focal point, with lawsuits targeting its ASSET Act and related policies, including revisions that broaden access while claiming to comply with residency-based benefits rules. Massachusetts faces a DOJ suit over its 2023 Tuition Equity Law, which allows eligible undocumented students to pay in-state rates and receive state aid, with the department seeking to block the policy. Maryland is also being challenged for extending in-state tuition and state aid to illegal aliens, as part of a broader national push and in confrontations framed as conflicts with the Supremacy Clause. The legal actions reflect the Trump administration’s broader crackdown on immigration-related benefits and a pattern of courts weighing similar challenges in several states, including Texas and Oklahoma, as the DOJ argues that such policies violate federal law. States defending these policies argue they are economically prudent and promote immigrant contributions, while critics say they amount to discrimination against American taxpayers and citizens.