Emerging adults (typically ages 18–25) face a distinct set of health risks shaped by their developmental stage, behavioral patterns, and social environment. The leading causes of mortality in this age group are unintentional injuries (particularly motor vehicle accidents), suicide, and homicide, reflecting high-risk behaviors and mental health vulnerabilities. Substance abuse is a significant concern, with peak onset of many addictive disorders occurring during this period; alcohol and drug use contribute directly to injury, overdose, and impaired decision-making. Mental health challenges, including depression, anxiety, and eating disorders, emerge or intensify during emerging adulthood, often going untreated due to reduced parental oversight and limited healthcare engagement. Sexual and reproductive health risks include sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies, partly due to inconsistent contraceptive use. Sleep deprivation is widespread due to academic and work demands combined with circadian rhythm changes, contributing to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Obesity and metabolic disorders begin establishing in this period, driven by dietary patterns and sedentary behavior. Additionally, emerging adults often experience gaps in health insurance and preventive care access, particularly around the transition from parental coverage. The combination of biological factors (still-developing prefrontal cortex affecting judgment), social pressures, reduced supervision, and increased autonomy creates a window of vulnerability. Many health behaviors established during this period—exercise habits, diet, substance use, and preventive care engagement—track into adulthood, making this stage critical for long-term health trajectory.