Cat bites require antibiotics because cat teeth create deep puncture wounds that easily trap bacteria, particularly Pasteurella multocida, which is present in about 50% of cat bites. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics are amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin), which covers the typical oral bacteria found in cats, or doxycycline for patients allergic to penicillin. For more severe infections or immunocompromised individuals, fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or clindamycin with a fluoroquinolone may be used.
Medical guidelines recommend starting antibiotics as soon as possible after a cat bite, ideally within 24 hours, though even delayed treatment can be effective. The typical course lasts 7-14 days depending on infection severity and location. Beyond antibiotics, proper wound care is essential: thoroughly washing the bite with soap and water, flushing with saline, and leaving it open rather than closing it with sutures (which can trap infection in the deep puncture).
Tetanus prophylaxis should also be updated if needed. Serious cat bites—particularly on the hand, joint, or in immunocompromised people—may require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. Anyone bitten by a cat should seek medical attention promptly rather than trying home treatment alone, as cat bite infections can quickly progress to serious complications like septic arthritis or cellulitis if left untreated.