In California, a mandated reporter must report suspected child abuse or neglect immediately, or as soon as possible, but no later than the end of the business day when the suspicion arises. If the report cannot be made to local law enforcement or child protective services (CPS) by phone during business hours, the reporter must submit a written report by mail or other means within 24 hours. For nonbusiness hours, reports can be made to local police or the county sheriff. The law emphasizes urgency because delays can endanger a child's safety. Mandated reporters include teachers, healthcare providers, mental health professionals, childcare workers, social workers, and many others who work with children. California law (Penal Code §11165.7 and §11166) defines these reporting requirements. Failure to report as required is a misdemeanor offense. The requirement applies regardless of whether the reporter has direct evidence or only reasonable suspicion of abuse or neglect. The intent is to ensure that potential child welfare concerns are brought to the attention of authorities who can investigate and protect the child promptly.