Healing a zombie villager in Minecraft turns it back into a normal villager, and the process requires two items: a Splash Potion of Weakness and a Golden Apple.
Step-by-step process:
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Get a Splash Potion of Weakness. Brew one using a Fermented Spider Eye and an Awkward Potion in a brewing stand, or obtain one from a Witch drop (witches sometimes drop these when killed).
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Throw the Splash Potion of Weakness at the zombie villager. This applies the Weakness status effect, indicated by a swirling particle effect around it.
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Feed it a Golden Apple. While the zombie villager still has the Weakness effect active, give it a regular Golden Apple (not an Enchanted/Notch Apple — either works, but the plain gold apple is the standard and cheaper choice). Right-click/use the apple on the zombie villager to feed it directly, or in some versions you may need to throw it so the mob picks it up. On most current versions, you simply interact with the zombie villager while holding the golden apple.
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Wait for the conversion. The zombie villager will start shaking violently and display red particles. This curing process takes several minutes (roughly 3–5 minutes in real time, though it can vary), and it cannot be sped up.
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Trap it safely. Since the process takes time, it's wise to enclose the zombie villager in a small pen or box (with a way to see it) so it doesn't wander off or get killed by other mobs during conversion.
Once the animation finishes, the zombie villager will transform into a regular villager, though it will temporarily have "Nausea" and lose its profession/trades, needing to reclaim a job site block to restock. Curing a zombie villager this way is also notable because it gives a permanent discount on that villager's trades as a reward.