Dormice are protected species in much of their range, particularly across Europe. In the European Union, all dormouse species are listed under the Habitats Directive, which prohibits their capture, killing, or disturbance. In the United Kingdom, dormice are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act, making it illegal to intentionally harm them, damage their nests, or obstruct access to their habitats without a special license. Similar protections exist in other European countries where dormice are found. The protection reflects their declining populations due to habitat loss, fragmentation of woodlands, and changes in land management practices. Additionally, several dormouse species are listed on the IUCN Red List as vulnerable or endangered. However, protection levels vary by species and geographic location—some regions may have more stringent regulations than others. Conservation efforts focus on habitat restoration, corridor creation to connect isolated populations, and monitoring programs. While dormice are generally well-protected in developed European nations, enforcement and habitat availability remain significant challenges to their long-term survival.